Yesterday on the blog I featured a film clip from Queen Friederike of Greece’s 1964 visit to New York. In the film, she wears the magnificent diamond tiara that belonged to Queen Sophie, along with a necklace featuring a stunning pendant: an enormous 478-carat sapphire that came from the collection of Queen Marie of Romania. How did this gemstone, one of the largest sapphires in the world, get from Romania to Greece? Read on…

The first records of the sapphire’s existence place it in Cartier’s workshop in Paris around 1913. It was originally set in a sautoir necklace with a number of other sapphires; however, the firm changed the design of the piece to showcase the sapphire as a single pendant on a diamond and platinum necklace. That version of the necklace was put on exhibit in 1919 in San Sebastian, Spain. Hans Nadelhoffer’s book on Cartier notes that the necklace was the showstopper piece of the jeweler’s autumn show that year, and viewers included Queen Ena of Spain and her mother-in-law, Queen Maria Cristina. According to Nadelhoffer, Ena even tried the necklace on, possibly hoping that her husband, King Alfonso, would purchase it for her. (No dice, unfortunately: Alfonso said no.)

Instead, a different monarch ended up buying the necklace: King Ferdinand of Romania. He purchased the necklace in 1921 on an installment plan, paying around 1,375,000 francs in total. (And remember, that’s at a 1920s rate.) Ferdinand was married to the glamorous and dramatic Queen Marie, daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (a son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert) and his Romanov wife, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. Marie had lost many of her jewels in Russia during the war, and she and Ferdinand were on a mission to replenish her jewelry box.

Ferdinand had succeeded to the Romanian throne in 1914, but his reign had been quickly disrupted by World War I. In 1922, the year after he bought the sapphire, he and Marie were finally crowned. For the October coronation, Marie wore the diamond sautoir with the enormous sapphire pendant. Two years later, she paired the necklace with a diamond and sapphire tiara that she had purchased from one of her Romanov relatives, the famous Grand Duchess Vladimir, for a portrait sitting with Philip de Laszlo.

Even after the end of the war, though, Romanian politics were complex. Ferdinand died in 1927, and his son, Carol, began a tumultuous reign marked by scandal, abdication, and eventual exile. By 1947, Carol’s only son, Michael, was on the throne; he was compelled to abdicate by the government. With the family in increasingly dire straits, the sapphire pendant was sold. The buyer was another major name in jewelry: Harry Winston. (The family actually kept the diamond portion of the necklace for a bit longer. It was worn in 1948 by Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma at her wedding to King Michael, which you can see in the footage above. It’s since been broken up.)

The royal story of the sapphire pendant could have ended there — but it didn’t. Vincent Meylan writes in The Queen’s Jewels that Harry Winston sold the sapphire pendant to a wealthy Greek citizen, who in turn presented it to his nation’s queen consort: Friederike, the wife of King Paul. Friederike suspended the sapphire from a pearl and diamond necklace. You can see a glimpse of the sapphire on Friederike in the photograph above, taken at a banquet at Claridge’s in London in 1963.

Friederike took the sapphire with her during her 1964 trip to New York. She also wore the piece that September during the wedding festivities for her only son, King Constantine II, and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark.

She also wore the sapphire at the wedding of Prince Michael of Greece in 1965. But then, the whereabouts of the sapphire become a bit murky. The Greek monarchy was abolished for good in the 1970s, and the family went into exile. Queen Friederike ended up in Spain, where her daughter, Sofia, was queen, while the king and his family relocated to England. The sapphire popped again in public in November 2003, when it was put up for auction at Christie’s in Geneva. In the auction notes, the lot was offered for sale by “a noble family.”

There are basically two ways to interpret that sale note. One is that the Greek royals quietly disposed of the sapphire pendant some time after Queen Friederike’s death, and the piece was purchased by a noble family, who then decided to sell the piece in a public auction. But it’s also entirely possible that these “nobles” were indeed the former Greek royals themselves. It’s pretty common for royals to present items for auction under slightly pseudonymous conditions. There’s a fine line to be trodden: items that have established royal provenance and links to current royal owners sell for higher prices at auction, but selling royal jewelry can lead to some backlash, especially when a piece was a gift from a generous countryman. (For an example, see the excellent work of my friends over at Luxarazzi on the announced sale, then the cancellation of the sale, and then ultimately eventual auction of many of the jewels of the late Grand Duchess Josephine-Charlotte of Luxembourg.)

Queen Marie and Queen Friederike’s sapphire pendant was the largest sapphire ever offered at auction when it was sold. When the gavel fell, the jewel had fetched more than $1.4 million. It’s owned privately today, but last year, the sapphire went on display as a part of the Cartier: Style and History exhibition in Paris. Nearly a hundred years after it sparkled in Spain at Cartier’s autumn show, the sapphire pendant dazzled public viewers all over again.